Friday, September 28, 2007

Quote of the Day 9/28/07



"Age is whatever you think it is. You are as old as you think you are."




-World Champion Boxer & Olympic Gold Medalist

Wednesday, September 26, 2007

Quote of the Day 9/26/07






"You always really have to remain consistent in your beliefs and philosophy."


-Mark Messier


-6x NHL Champion

Tuesday, September 25, 2007

Quote of the Day 9/25/07


"Age is no barrier. It's a limitation you put on your mind."




-3x Olympic Gold Medalist

Quote of the Day 9/24/07



"Always turn a negative situation into a positive situation"

-Michael Jordan

-5x NBA MVP & 6x NBA Champion

Friday, September 21, 2007

Myths About Youth Resistance Training

There are many myths and anecdotes that surround resistance training and adolescent and prepubescent children. We will visit a few of these Myths and see if there is any rhyme or reason for them.

Myth #1: If my child lifts weights it will stunt his or her growth.

Out of all of the myths associated with resistance training in youths this is by far the one you are going to hear the most. It is the most socially accepted thought surrounding youth resistance training and it could not be further from the truth. The fact is if you want to stunt a child’s growth you have to try pretty hard to do it. Children grow, that is what they do, and it is part of the maturation process that everyone goes through. Now that being said is it possible to have an injury from resistance training that can adversely affect a child’s growth, yes it is. Now that I have completely contradicted my self let me explain. Everyone has heard of “growth plates”, these “growth plates” or by their technical name epiphyseal plates are where bones grow as our skeleton matures. Injury to one of these epiphyseal plates potentially can cause grow alterations. However, cases of this are extremely rare and the prepubescent child is at less of a risk than the pubescent child because the epiphyseal plates are stronger and at this phase of the maturation process designed to be more resistant to sheering forces (2). From all of the research done on injuries associated with youth resistance training it is generally accepted that the risk of injury from resistance training is no different for youths as it is for adults. Most injuries associated with resistance training are directly the result of improper lifting techniques, maximally loaded lifts, lack of qualified supervision, and faulty equipment (1).

Myth #2: If my daughter lifts weights she will get muscularly and be big and bulky.

This myth not just falls under the category for youth resistance training for females but also for adult females as well. The truth is if you want to increase the size of your muscles and look like a body builder you have to work extremely hard to achieve that look. It is not something that is going to happen just because you put a dumbbell in your hand. Young girls just do not produce the appropriate levels of hormones to develop bigger sized muscles (1). Kramer and Zatsiorky explain this best by indicating that young girls cannot develop big muscles due to a lack of testosterone and the number of muscle cells in their body. So just because we have disproved this myth by explaining how young girls physiologically are not capable of getting larger developed muscles does not mean they will not see the benefits of a well designed program. Young girls will attain the same benefits of resistance training as boys which we explain later in Myth #3.

Myth #3: In prepubescent children they do not have the adequate levels of hormones to see strength gains from resistance training.

Absolutely and unequivocally false! As we explained in myth #1 children will grow that is what they do. So children will get stronger without resistance training. But, what prepubescent children will do if they resistance train is get stronger by strengthening their neurological system not the muscular system. To make the muscular system stronger by increasing muscle size you need certain levels of circulating hormones (2). Without this it can be difficult if not impossible to increase muscle size. Resistance training will train your nervous system & muscular system together and in synchrony which will allow your muscles to get stronger by neurological improvements. This phenomenon is similar to the early strength gains an adult will see when being introduced to resistance training as a beginner. This is done by increasing motor unit activation and coordination, recruitment and firing of muscle fibers (2). Muscle fibers are innervated by a motor neuron which is connected to the Central Nervous System. When the body is subject to a stress like it is during resistance training it will have to adapt to that stress. The muscular system in prepubescent children who do not have the hormone levels to increase the size of their muscle fibers to increase their strength to adapt to the stress put on their body during resistance training will increase the number of motor units (muscle fibers innervated by motor neurons) that it calls upon to over come a resistance. It is this adaptation to stress that the child’s body will have that will increase their strength in the muscular system.

Myth #4: My child will play their sport into shape.

Again, this can be further from the truth. While playing sports will help children be physically fit and active. It cannot get them into shape to prepare them for the rigors of competition. The activities of learning skills for a sport do not provide children with the proper demands on the body to stimulate improved muscle and connective tissue strength (1). Kraemer and Zatsiorky in their book Science and Practice of Strength Training explain the benefits of strength training in young athletes as follows:
Increased muscular strength and local muscular endurance


  • Improved sports performance

  • Prevention of sports injuries

  • Development of lifelong exercise habits

They explain that in the past 10 years scientific evidence as strongly changed towards indicating the benefits of adolescent resistance training far out weight the risks.

In their position statement on youth weightlifting the organization USA Weightlifting, who is the national governing body for the sport of weightlifting in the United States, summed up the myths and anecdotes surrounding resistance training best. In concluding their position statement on youths participating in the sport of Weightlifting they said, “The lack of data is the issue; the alarmist negative response by well-meaning physicians and scientists has done an immeasurable disservice to the sport of weightlifting. The sport is actually safer than is generally believed, especially if training and competition are appropriate for the age group and properly supervised (3).” I believe their statements to be true for explaining many of the myths surrounding youth resistance training. The National Strength and Conditioning Association have highlighted six recommendations that should be followed when having children resistance train. They are:



  • A properly designed and supervised resistance training program is safe for children.

  • A properly designed and supervised resistance training program can increase the strength of children.

  • A properly designed and supervised resistance training program can help to enhance the motor fitness skills and sports performance of children.

  • A properly designed and supervised resistance training program can help to prevent injuries in youth sports and recreational activities.

  • A properly designed and supervised resistance training program can help to improve the psychosocial well-being of children.
    A properly designed and supervised resistance training program can enhance the overall health of children.(1,2)

All of the other major organizations have weighed in favor of youth resistance training. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) along with the NSCA have all provided approval for youth resistance training providing that there is adult supervision and programs designed by trained personnel for young athletes. Youths in today’s society are not getting the physical education at school and our society is leading a more sedentary lifestyle than ever before. With children participating in high level competitive sports at earlier ages and sports related injuries increasing it is vital that children participate in some type of resistance training to decrease incidence of injury and allow them to meet the demands of their sport.

References



  1. Kraemer, William J. and Zatsiorky, Vladimir M. Science and Practice of Strength Training: Second Edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1995.

  2. Faigenbaum, A., Kraemer, W., Cahill, B., Chandler, J., Dziados, J., Elfrink, L., Forman, E., Gaudiose, M., Micheli, L., Nitka, M., and Robers, S. (1996). Youth Resistance Training: Position Statement Paper and Literature Review. Strength and Conditioning, 18(6), 62-75.

  3. Pierce, Kyle C., Byrd, Ronald J., and Stone, Michael H. Position Statement Paper and Literature Review. USA Weightlifting.

Increase Your Hops for the Holidays

It is hard to believe that Basketball season starts in only 10-12 short weeks. The period of time from September to November for a high school basketball player is a vital period for improvements that will dictate the success or failure of the off season training program. This 13-15 week period of the yearly training plan should focus on improving both strength and power. One of the most effective ways to measure one’s strengths or weaknesses in the ability to develop strength and power in the legs is the Vertical Jump. Improving your vertical jump will improve your legs overall ability to generate both strength and power.

To test your vertical jump it is very simple and inexpensive. All you need is a brick wall, some chalk, a tape measure and five minutes. Knowing your vertical jump is a useful tool for knowing if your legs are strong and or if you could use some improvement. The procedure to test your vertical jump is very simple. First you want to find a brick wall that is free from obstacles and the ground surface is flat and stable. Second you want to stand next to the wall with your shoulder up against the wall and reach up with the arm next to the wall. With the other hand and a piece of chalk mark where your finger tips are at the highest with your feet remaining flat on the ground.

Next, you will mark the tips of your fingers of the hand that will be next to the wall (it is your choice which side, right or left, you use). Finally to test your vertical jump you are going to jump from two feet flat on the floor as high as you can and hit your finger tips against the wall at the top of your jump marking your highest point of the jump. To measure your results take the tape measure and measure from your mark at the top of your jump to the line you marked while standing flat footed. Be mindful to keep the tape measure perpendicular to the floor and not at an angle. This measurement will be the estimate of what your true vertical jump is. This method is not as valid as others more technical ways using equipment designed specifically for measuring vertical jump. Here at Ullucci Sports Medicine we utilize the Vertec System which is the world’s most popular device to measure vertical jump. This tool allows us to accurately measure ones vertical jump and also train to maximize improvements.

Training to improve your vertical jump is very simple and does not require expensive equipment or gym memberships. To train to improve vertical jump an athlete can utilize a training technique known as plyometrics. Plyometrics is defined as activities that enable a muscle to reach maximal force in the shortest amount of time. The theory is that by using plyometic activities you are training the muscles to increase the power of the muscle by utilizing the natural elastic components of muscle, tendon and ligaments. Plyometrics can be performed 1-3 times a week and full recovery of at least two days from plyometric training should be given to allow the muscles being trained to recover and adapt. The appropriate volume of training for a high school athlete should be between 80-120 repetitions depending upon experience in plyometric training. An individual new to plyometrics should be at the lower 80-100 repetition volume and a more experienced individual should be in the 100-120 rep range. If you are combining your plyometric training with weight training you should perform lower body plyometrics on days that you perform upper body weight training. If you are going to incorporate your plyometric training in with lower body weight training it is important to realize that the overall volume of your training in the lower extremity will include both the plyometrics and weight training so both types of training should have the volume modified to prevent overtraining.

Now that we have a basic knowledge of plyometric training here are the four best plyometric exercises for Basketball players to improve their vertical jump. They are the squat jump, single leg push off, tuck jumps, and depth jumps.

Squat Jump

Starting position: Begin in the starting position of feet shoulder width apart, low back in a neutral position or slight posterior curve, Abdominals are tight and shoulders are upright and not hunched forward with your head up.

Procedure: Perform a squat keeping weight on the rear of the foot. Bend at the hips and maintain the neutral low back position. Do not allow the shoulders to shift forward over the feet keeping your knees out over your feet and do not allow them to “buckle” inwards. Squat to below a quarter squat and as low as the thighs being parallel to the ground if possible and still maintaining good squat form. Once in the lowered squat position push your weight through the rear of your foot pushing your body off the ground. Do not allow your weight to shift forward on to your toes coming out of the squat. Your power is developed by keeping the weight on the rear of the foot and using the powerful muscles of the posterior hip and thighs (glutes and hamstrings) and by pushing this way to achieve full extension. Try jumping as high off the ground as possible. When landing make sure to land soft and balanced on both feet absorbing the force of the landing by lowering into the squat position again with good form.

Progression: Until the exercise is mastered you should perform one squat jump at a time taking the time to reset your posture between reps. Once mastery is near and your technique is improved begin to try to repeat squat jumps one after another during a set trying to keep the time on the ground between reps short and getting as vertical as possible on the jumps continuing to land soft and with good form.

Squat jumps should be performed in sets of between 3-6 reps.

Single Leg Push Offs
Starting position: Standing with one full foot on a step or any stable elevated object which will have your knee bent to not above 90 degrees but over 45 degrees. Have your torso upright with shoulders back and head up just like the squat jump. Your lower back is also neutral with the abdominals tight like in the squat jump.

Procedure: The object of this exercise is to push with the foot that is elevated to achieve maximal vertical height. To do this you are going to push off with just the elevated foot keeping the torso upright and not leaning forward. Push through the mid to rear of the foot which is elevated and try to attain full extension of the hip, knee and ankle to elevate vertically. When returning down you want to land with the same foot elevated on the object softly and maintaining a upright posture.

Progression: Until the exercise is mastered you should perform each rep and then reset your posture and complete another rep. Once mastery is near and technique is improved begin to repeat the exercise with out breaking. To progress the exercise to increase the difficulty try alternating the foot which is elevated after each rep.

Single leg push offs can be performed in sets of 6-10 reps.

Tuck Jumps

Starting position: the starting position is the same as with the Squat jump.

Procedure: The procedure will remain the same as with the squat jump up to where you reach the maximal height of the jump. Here you are going to tuck your knees in front of your body up to waist height or above. Then returning to the ground in the same manner as the Squat jump.

Progression: Until the exercise is mastered you should perform one tuck jump at a time taking the time to reset your posture between reps. Once mastery is near and your technique is improved begin to try to repeat squat jumps one after another during a set trying to keep the time on the ground between reps short and getting as vertical as possible on the jumps continuing to land soft and with good form.

Depth jump

Starting Position: Same as the squat jump and tuck jump except you are standing on a step or elevated object of under 24 inches.

Procedure: Step off the object ( Do not jump off) and land on the ground with two feet soft and in good squat mechanics just as you would land in the squat and tuck jumps. Then cutting the time on the ground as short as possible push off the ground through the rear of the foot and using mechanics just like the jumping phases of the squat and tuck





Quote of the Day 9/21/07




"Life deals you a lot of lessons, some people learn from it, some people don't"









-3x NFL MVP and 8x Pro Bowler

Thursday, September 20, 2007

Quote of the Day 9/20/07



'I always believe there's a reason Why you go through everything."






-College and Pro Football Hall of Famer

Wednesday, September 19, 2007

HOT TOPIC: With More to Come

I could not help but put up a quick post on this subject. It seems that Marc Ecko, a fashion designer with an affinity with sports, has purchased Barry Bond's 756the home run ball and is putting its fate up to a vote on the Internet. Visit the website http://www.www.vote756.com/ to see for yourself and vote what you think should be done with the ball. Mr. Ecko makes a comment on the site that really intrigued me into today's perception of performance enhancement via illegal means (i.e. Steroids, HGH, etc.) His quote is "The idea that some of the best athletes in the country are forced to decide between being competitive and staying natural is troubling." It is my opinion that the seeking performance enhancement via illegal means is not a new thing in sports and it goes deeper than just deciding on staying natural or not. Personally I think seeking an edge is human nature. Coupling that with the competitive drive that most athletes have and the amount of money these athletes can make it makes seeking an edge that much more important. To find the answer to Mr Ecko's question you have to look outside sports. Look at how in everyday life people always look to find the edge and do so using questionable means and sometimes illegal means. Take it one step further and look at yourself and how you seek an edge using questionable and sometimes illegal means. When was the last time you made a U-turn illegally, or turned Left when there is a no Left turn allowed. That is seeking an edge do to some necessity you have. Whether it be that you are running late or don't know where you are going it is common practice for everyday people to seek an edge driving by using questionable and sometimes illegal driving tactics. So is it so hard to believe that athletes these days are forced into those same dilemmas on a much more different scale but it all comes down the the human nature of seeking an edge. Hopefully most athletes can take the moral high ground and make the choice to stay natural and seek other means to get the edge. But, unfortunately I believe that most are not and almost forced into using these questionable and illegal means to get their edge. Case in point is Rodney Harrison a Defensive Back for the New England Patriots. He is currently sitting out four games for violation of the NFL substance abuse policy for admitting using Human Growth Hormone. His reasons were that he was trying to get over injuries and remain in the game. Now we all know Rodney never would have admitted this. But, he was caught, so the truth comes out. With today's lucrative contracts for professional athletes staying in the game means so much more than what it meant just twenty years ago. With Millions riding on incentives and bonuses these athletes morals are tested. But, most times I think human nature wins out and Athletes seek the edge. Unfortunately the edge usually means performance enhancement drugs.

More to come on this topic. Also, for your information I voted to send the ball to the hall of fame. Personally, I think history is the best judge of how Barry Bond's and his tactics on his way to being the home run king. History can be damning and it can be lauding. Lets allow history and public perception decide not an Internet poll.

Quote of the Day 9/19/07


"To Succeed, you need to find something to hold on to, something to motivate you, something to inspire you."



-1976 Heisman Trophy Winner


-College and Pro Football Hall of Famer

Tuesday, September 18, 2007

Quote of the Day 9/18/07


"I'm not interested in trying to work on people's perceptions. I am who I am, and if you don't take the time to learn about that, then your perception is going to be your problem."



-Hall of Fame NFL Running Back